Insight
Vietnam – Past, Present, and Future
The start of a new decade is a good time to reflect on my 30 years’ association with Vietnam, which began in November 1989. In 1990 Vietnam’s total foreign trade was less than US$ 5 billion and imports were limited to the value of foreign currency generated from exports, the exchange rate was VND 4,300 to US$1, Per capita income was less than US$ 200 per annum, and foreign exchange reserves were non- existent and there few or no overseas remittances back to Vietnam. There was very small foreign direct investment as the first Foreign Investment law was not promulgated until late 1988.